John Ward's Latin

Below is a English / Latin vocabulary list taken from John Ward's diaries, created by Callum Simms, a transcriber on Shakespeare's World (a crowd-sourced project between the Folger Library, Zooniverse and the OED, sponsored by EMMO). </lb> • ā - for originally Greek 'ana' = 'of each' </lb> • bib. - bibo = 'drink' - 'bibat' or 'bibatur' ('let him drink', 'let X be drunk') <lb> • cap. - capio = 'take'<lb> • cum = 'with' - often Ward will mark non-abbreviated words with an apostrophe<lb> • decoq. - decoquo = 'boil down / reduce'<lb> • e, ex = 'out of / from'<lb> • ebull. - ebullio = 'boil'<lb> • et = 'and'<lb> • f. - facio = 'make'<lb> • (in)fund. - (in)fundo = 'pour (in)'<lb> • in = 'in, into'<lb> • inung. - inunguo = 'salve, rub ointment on'<lb> • m. - misceo = 'mix'<lb> • mane = 'in the morning'<lb> • nocte = 'at night'<lb> Before we get to the ingredients themselves, I'll give you a few common words that they often appear with:<lb> • alb. - albus = 'white'<lb> • aq. - aqua = 'water'. 'Water of X' is a common ingredient that means water infused with X (c.f. rosewater).<lb> • bacc. - bacca = 'berry'<lb> • commun. - communis = 'common' • cortic. - cortex = 'bark'<lb> • decoct. - decoctio = 'decoction'<lb> • fol. - folium = 'leaf'<lb> • gran. - granum = 'kernel'<lb> • gutt. - gutta = 'drop'<lb> • haust. - haustus = 'draught'<lb> • lign. - lignum = 'wood'<lb> • liquor = 'liquid, liquor'<lb> • nigr. - niger = 'black'<lb> • nuc. - nux = 'nut'<lb> • nucl. - nucleus = 'nut'<lb> • officin. - officinalis = 'medicinal'<lb> • ol. - oleum = 'oil'<lb> • optim. - optimus = 'best'<lb> • part. - pars = 'part, side'<lb> • pulveriz. - pulverizatus = 'powdered'<lb> • radic. - radix = 'root'<lb> • semin. - semen = 'seed'<lb><lb> • spec. - species = 'simple' - a 'simple' is a single-ingredient powder<lb> • sal = 'salt' - 'Salt of X' is the name of a number of alchemical products, which these days have chemical formulae. • trochisc. - trochiscus - 'troche* (a lozenge)<lb> • ust. - ustus = 'burnt'<lb> • vulgar. - vulgaris = 'common'<lb> • absynth. - absynthium = 'wormwood'<lb> • acetos. - acetosa = 'sorrel'<lb> • acet. - acetum = 'vinegar'<lb> • agaric. - agaricum = 'tinder fungus'<lb> • alchermes (confectio) = confection of 'Kermes' (crimson 'berry' bug - like cochineal)<lb> • aloe optim. = 'agarwood'<lb> • alth. - althea = 'mallow'<lb> • ammoniac. - 'ammoniacum' = 'gum ammoniac'<lb> • argill. - argilla = '(white) potter's clay, argil'<lb> • aristoloch. - aristolochia = 'birthwort'<lb> • artemis. - artemisia = 'mugwort'<lb> • aven. - avena = 'oats'<lb> • bacon. - baco = 'bacon'<lb> • bezoardic. - bezoardicum = 'bezoar' (antimony salt)<lb> • borac. - borax = 'borax'<lb> • bryon. - bryonia = 'briony'<lb> • bugloss. - buglossa = 'bugloss'<lb> • calaminth. - calamintha = 'calamint'<lb> • camphor. - camphora = 'camphor'<lb> • cappar. - capparis = 'caper'<lb> • cardiac. - (aqua) cardiaca = 'toddy' (a beverage - palm wine?)<lb> • card. - carduus = 'thistle'<lb> • carlin. - carlina = 'carline/silver thistle'<lb> • carn. - caro = 'meat, flesh'<lb> • caryophill. - caryophillus = 'clove'<lb> • caseum = 'cheese'<lb> • cass. - cassia = 'cassia' (a type of cinnamon)<lb> • castoreum = 'castoreum' (beaver musk)<lb> • centaur. - centaurium = 'centaury'<lb> • cervis. - cervisa = 'beer'<lb> • chalyb. - chalybs = 'steel'<lb> • chamamel. - chamamelon = 'chamomile'<lb> • cichor. - cichoria = 'chicory, endive'<lb> • colcothar = 'colcothar, jeweller's rouge' (Ferric Oxide)<lb> • cor. - corium = 'leather'<lb> • coton. - cotone = 'cotton'<lb> • cret. - creta = 'chalk'<lb> • croc. - crocus = 'saffron, crocus flower'; (alchemical) 'liver' - crocus metallorum = liver of antimony<lb> • cumin. - cuminum = 'cumin'<lb> • dia-x = medicine containing x. Usually no other name than the Latin one.<lb> • dictamn. - dictamnus = 'dittany'<lb> • ebul. - ebulum = 'danewort'<lb> • eupator. - eupatoria = 'agrimony'<lb> • fab. - faba = 'broad bean' (= horse, fava)<lb> • faecul. - faecula = 'salt of tartar' (potassium carbonate)<lb> • farin. - farina = 'flour, meal'<lb> • fim. - fimus = 'dung'<lb> • fontan. - fontana (aqua) = 'spring' (-water)<lb> • fumar. - fumaria = 'fumitory'<lb> • gagat. - gagates = 'jet' (stone)<lb> • guaiac. - guaiacum (lignum) = 'guaiac' (wood)<lb> • gumm. - gummi = [tree] 'gum'<lb> • hermodactyl. - hermodactylus = 'hermodactyl' (meadow crocus / autumn saffron roots, not black iris)<lb> • herniar. - herniaria = 'rupturewort'<lb> • iuniper. - iuniperus = 'juniper'; granum juniperi = juniper berry (actually a seed cone)<lb> • jalap. - jalapa = 'jalap'<lb> • jugland. - juglans = 'walnut'<lb> • labdan. - labdanum = 'labdanum' (sticky brown resin from rock roses)<lb> • lappath. - lap(p)athum = 'dock, sorrel'; L. acutum = broad-leafed dock<lb> • laudan. - laudanum = 'laudanum'<lb> • lin. - linum = 'flax'<lb> • lujul. - lujula = 'wood sorrel'<lb> • mac. - macis = 'mace'<lb> • malvatic. - malvaticum (vinum) = 'Malmsey' (wine of the Malvasia grape) - Madeira/Sack<lb> • mastich. - masticha = 'mastic'<lb> • mecon. - meconium = poppy juice (opium)<lb> • meliss. - melissa = 'lemon balm'<lb> • mithridat. - mithridatum = 'Mithridate'<lb> • moschat. - moschata (nux) = 'nutmeg'<lb> • ovin. - ovinus (from ovis) = 'sheep'<lb> • oxycrat. - oxycratum = 'oxycrate' (mixture of vinegar and water)<lb> • papav. - papaver (erraticum) = '(common) poppy'<lb> • paralys. - paralysis = 'cowslip'<lb> • pastinac. - pastinaca = 'parsnip, carrot'<lb> • pentaphyll. - pentaphyllum = 'cinquefoil'<lb> • pinguedin. - pinguedo = 'fat'<lb> • polypod. - polypodium = 'polypody', rockcap fern • puleg. - pule(g)ium = 'pennyroyal' (/fleabane /fleawort)<lb> • resin. - resina = 'resin, rosin'<lb> • rhab. - rhabarbarum = 'rhubarb'<lb> • rosac. - rosaceum = 'rose oil'<lb> • rosmarin. - rosmarinus = 'rosemary'<lb> • sabin. - sabina = 'savin' (a juniper species)<lb> • sacchar. - saccharum = 'cane sugar'<lb> • santal. - santalum = 'sandalwood'; S. citrinum = citrine/yellow sandalwood<lb> • saxifrag. - saxifraga = 'saxifrage, rockfoil' ('breakstone' in Ward)<lb> • scord. - scordium = 'water germander'<lb> • seb./sev. - se(b/v)um = 'tallow, suet, grease'<lb> • sed. - sedum = 'houseleek'<lb> • semperviv. - sempervivum = 'houseleek' ('liveforever')<lb> • sen. - sena = 'senna'<lb> • ser. - serum = 'whey'<lb> • spic. - spica = 'lavender'<lb> • sucin. - sucinum = 'amber'<lb> • symphit. - symphitum (maius) = (greater) 'comfrey'<lb> • tax. - taxus = 'yew'; 'badger'<lb> • terebinth. - terebinthina = 'turpentine'<lb> • test. - testa = 'shell'<lb> • theriac. - theriaca = 'antidote', 'antivenom', 'treacle'<lb> • thur. - thus = 'frankincense'<lb> • zyth. - zythum = 'zythos' (Egyptian beer)<lb> <lb> The symbol (℞) at short for 'recipe' and means 'take' in Latin. It's still used for prescriptions today as Rx.<lb>