https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records_(FRBR)&feed=atom&action=historyFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) - Revision history2024-03-29T13:39:37ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records_(FRBR)&diff=26501&oldid=prevErinBlake: Formatting2017-08-05T02:52:59Z<p>Formatting</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In a lot of cataloging documentation, including the information in Folgerpedia, you will see references to "manifestations," rather than "books" or "DVDs," etc. This refers to the conceptual model established by FRBR, the [http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records] released by IFLA in 1997 which, among other things, sets out four levels of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>''entities<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>'': Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item (often referred to as "WEMI"). FRBR informs much of the reasoning behind cataloging practices and the current usage of [[MARC]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In a lot of cataloging documentation, including the information in Folgerpedia, you will see references to "manifestations," rather than "books" or "DVDs," etc. This refers to the conceptual model established by FRBR, the [http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records] released by IFLA in 1997 which, among other things, sets out four levels of ''entities'': Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item (often referred to as "WEMI"). FRBR informs much of the reasoning behind cataloging practices and the current usage of [[MARC]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The FRBR <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">entity levels </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">not perfect (try to puzzle out where an early modern manuscript fits</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for instance</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or a music remix</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, they are a helpful framework to begin thinking about what a catalog record should and</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or does describe</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"too long, didn't read" version of </ins>FRBR<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: ''works'' </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">realized through ''expressions''</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which are embodied in ''manifestations''</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which are exemplified by ''items''. (This is paraphrased from the diagram in [http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm#3 Figure 3.1 of FRBR].</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">You can also skim through Barbara Tillett's brief summary [http://www.loc</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gov/cds/downloads</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FRBR.PDF "What is FRBR?" (pdf)]</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"too long, didn</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">t read" version of FRBR: </del>'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">works''' are realized through '''expressions''', which are embodied in </del>'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifestations</del>'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which are exemplified </del>by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''items'''</del>. (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This is paraphrased from the diagram in [http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm#3 Figure 3.1 </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FRBR].) You can also skim through Barbara Tillett</del>'s <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">brief summary [http://www</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF "What is FRBR?" (pdf</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]. </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* </ins>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">work</ins>''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is the conceptual idea of the plot of </ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hamlet</ins>'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as it was thought out </ins>by <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">William Shakespeare</ins>. (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even though many </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Shakespeare</ins>'s <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">plays have antecedents in folklore and some concurrent writings, they are generally considered to be distinct works on their own</ins>.)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Work==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">expression</ins>''' is the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">realization </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">work </ins>of ''Hamlet'' as it was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recorded</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A work can </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and often does) have </ins>many <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different expressions</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">work</del>''' is the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conceptual idea </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">plot </del>of ''Hamlet'' as it was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thought out by William Shakespeare</del>. (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even though </del>many <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of Shakespeare's plays have antecedents in folklore and some concurrent writings, they are generally considered to be distinct works on their own</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Expression==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifestation'</ins>'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is often conflated with the edition of a work; it</ins>'<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s not a perfect synonym, but it can be a helpful heuristic. The concept of manifestation represents all editions with the same characteristics: this can refer to either intellectual content or physical form (in the sense of the distinction between a text printed in a physical book and an audio recording of that same text; two books could have different cover images, and still be considered the same manifestation, if their inner text </ins>is the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">same). A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17607 facsimile </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">First Folio published in 1968] is considered a manifestation. A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=41941 1920 Croatian edition </ins>of Hamlet<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] is considered a manifestation, </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is the [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=18638 1905 Polish edition] from which the Croatian edition </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">translated</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Generally, catalogers try to create records for the manifestation of a </ins>work <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(from which other libraries </ins>can <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">then note that they also have a copy), but the line between expression </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifestation can be a little blurry</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">expression</del>''' is the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">realization </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">work </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del>Hamlet<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recorded</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A </del>work can <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often does) have many different expressions</del>.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Manifestation==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">item</ins>''' is the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">physical copy, </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whichever version of ''Hamlet'</ins>', <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cataloger is holding in their hands (</ins>or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">viewing on </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">screen</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">etc.</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as they are cataloging</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This is known as item-in-hand cataloging </ins>- the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">item </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">assumed to be </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">standard representation </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its </ins>manifestation, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and any markings or features obviously unique to </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">item</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">such as annotations or </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">special binding</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are recorded in </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">local note</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifestation</del>''' is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often conflated with </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">edition </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a work; it</del>'<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s not a perfect synonym</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but it can be a helpful heuristic. The concept of manifestation represents all editions with </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">same characteristics: this can refer to either intellectual content </del>or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">physical form (in the sense of the distinction between a text printed in </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">physical book and an audio recording of that same text; two books could have different cover images</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and still be considered the same manifestation, if their inner text is the same</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17607 facsimile of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">First Folio published in 1968] </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">considered </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">manifestation. A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=41941 1920 Croatian edition </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hamlet] is considered a </del>manifestation, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as is the [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=18638 1905 Polish edition] from which </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Croatian edition was translated. Generally</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">catalogers try to create records for the manifestation of a work (from which other libraries can then note that they also have </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">copy)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but the line between expression and manifestation can be </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">little blurry</del>.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Item==</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FRBR entity levels are not perfect (try to puzzle out where an early modern manuscript fits</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for instance</ins>, or a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">music remix). However</ins>, they are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a helpful framework </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">begin thinking about what </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">catalog record should </ins>and<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/</ins>or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">does describe</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''item''' is the physical copy</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of whichever version of ''Hamlet''</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that the cataloger is holding in their hands (</del>or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">viewing on </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">screen</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">etc.) as </del>they are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cataloging. This is known as item-in-hand cataloging - the item is assumed </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">be </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">standard representation of its manifestation, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">any markings </del>or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">features obviously unique to the item, such as annotations or a special binding, are recorded in a local note</del>. </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Cataloging]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Cataloging]]</div></td></tr>
</table>ErinBlakehttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records_(FRBR)&diff=26500&oldid=prevErinBlake: ErinBlake moved page FRBR to Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) without leaving a redirect: Expanded acronym2017-08-05T02:51:09Z<p>ErinBlake moved page <a href="/_mw/index.php?title=FRBR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FRBR (page does not exist)">FRBR</a> to <a href="/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records_(FRBR)" title="Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)">Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)</a> without leaving a redirect: Expanded acronym</p>
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</td></tr></table>ErinBlakehttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records_(FRBR)&diff=26499&oldid=prevErinBlake: Created page from information formerly in "Interpreting MARC records"2017-08-05T02:50:17Z<p>Created page from information formerly in "Interpreting MARC records"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>In a lot of cataloging documentation, including the information in Folgerpedia, you will see references to "manifestations," rather than "books" or "DVDs," etc. This refers to the conceptual model established by FRBR, the [http://www.ifla.org/publications/functional-requirements-for-bibliographic-records Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records] released by IFLA in 1997 which, among other things, sets out four levels of '''entities''': Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item (often referred to as "WEMI"). FRBR informs much of the reasoning behind cataloging practices and the current usage of [[MARC]].<br />
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The FRBR entity levels are not perfect (try to puzzle out where an early modern manuscript fits, for instance, or a music remix). However, they are a helpful framework to begin thinking about what a catalog record should and/or does describe.<br />
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The "too long, didn't read" version of FRBR: '''works''' are realized through '''expressions''', which are embodied in '''manifestations''', which are exemplified by '''items'''. (This is paraphrased from the diagram in [http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm#3 Figure 3.1 of FRBR].) You can also skim through Barbara Tillett's brief summary [http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF "What is FRBR?" (pdf)]. <br />
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==Work==<br />
The '''work''' is the conceptual idea of the plot of ''Hamlet'' as it was thought out by William Shakespeare. (Even though many of Shakespeare's plays have antecedents in folklore and some concurrent writings, they are generally considered to be distinct works on their own.)<br />
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==Expression==<br />
The '''expression''' is the realization of the work of ''Hamlet'' as it was recorded. A work can (and often does) have many different expressions.<br />
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==Manifestation==<br />
The '''manifestation''' is often conflated with the edition of a work; it's not a perfect synonym, but it can be a helpful heuristic. The concept of manifestation represents all editions with the same characteristics: this can refer to either intellectual content or physical form (in the sense of the distinction between a text printed in a physical book and an audio recording of that same text; two books could have different cover images, and still be considered the same manifestation, if their inner text is the same). A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17607 facsimile of the First Folio published in 1968] is considered a manifestation. A [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=41941 1920 Croatian edition of Hamlet] is considered a manifestation, as is the [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=18638 1905 Polish edition] from which the Croatian edition was translated. Generally, catalogers try to create records for the manifestation of a work (from which other libraries can then note that they also have a copy), but the line between expression and manifestation can be a little blurry.<br />
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==Item==<br />
The '''item''' is the physical copy, of whichever version of ''Hamlet'', that the cataloger is holding in their hands (or viewing on a screen, etc.) as they are cataloging. This is known as item-in-hand cataloging - the item is assumed to be a standard representation of its manifestation, and any markings or features obviously unique to the item, such as annotations or a special binding, are recorded in a local note. <br />
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[[Category:Cataloging]]</div>ErinBlake