King John

King John, one of William Shakespeare's plays, like most of his history plays, presents a struggle for the English crown. The struggle this time, however, is strikingly cold-blooded and brutal.

John, the younger brother of the late Richard I, is the king, and a savage one. His opponent is a boy, his nephew Arthur, supported by the King of France and the Duke of Austria. After Arthur falls into John's hands, John plots to torture him. Arthur's capture gives Louis, the Dauphin of France, the opportunity to lay claim to John's crown. John's nobles support Louis, but he schemes to betray them.

The play finds its hero in another figure: the Bastard, Sir Richard Plantagenet, an illegitimate son of Richard I. Although he has an appetite for war, he also has a strong conscience and speaks with trenchant irony.

Research suggests that Shakespeare wrote King John in 1594-96. It was published in the 1623 First Folio. Sources include Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles. A contemporary play, The Troublesome Reign of John King of England, may be a source, too.

Early editions

First Folio

LUNA: First Folio: a1r - b5v

Hamnet: STC 22273 Fo. 1 no. 68

Second Folio

LUNA: Second Folio: a1r - b5v

Hamnet: STC 22274 Fo. 2 no. 07

Modern editions

King John can be read online with Folger Digital Texts and purchased from Simon and Schuster.

Hamnet link to Folger Edition: PR2753 .M6 2003 copy 2 v.16

Notes

<references>