https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=ErinWuebbens&feedformat=atomFolgerpedia - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T12:21:40ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.6https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33289Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T21:00:25Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Part I: Science? */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:INCJ364copy3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/u71bz1 Front cover]]] <br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''[Sphaera mundi]'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
Selected images available in the [https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/1b9jnh Folger Digital Image Collection] <br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.''<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''Streete, Thomas (1621-1689)'''<br/><br />
''Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.''<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
[https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/94oj7y Selected images available] in the Folger Digital Image Collection<br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
'''Biancani, Giuseppe (1566-1624)'''<br/><br />
''Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...''<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33272Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T20:18:43Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Part I: Science? */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
[[File:INCJ364copy3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/u71bz1 Front cover]]] <br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''[Sphaera mundi]'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.''<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
Thomas Streete (1621-1689)<br/><br />
Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
<br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624)<br/><br />
Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33269Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T20:04:53Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Items Included */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
[[File:INCJ364copy3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/u71bz1 Front cover]]] <br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Tractatus de Sphaera'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.''<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
Thomas Streete (1621-1689)<br/><br />
Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
<br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624)<br/><br />
Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33266Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T20:02:54Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Part I: Science? */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
[[File:INCJ364copy3.jpg|thumb|right|300px|caption [https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/u71bz1 Front cover]]] <br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Tractatus de Sphaera'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.''<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
Thomas Streete (1621-1689)<br/><br />
Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
<br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624)<br/><br />
Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33265Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T20:00:44Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Part I: Science? */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
[[File:INCJ364copy3.jpg|thumb|right|400px|caption [https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/s/u71bz1 Front cover]]] <br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Tractatus de Sphaera'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
Joannes de Sacro Bosco (circa 1230)<br/><br />
Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
Thomas Streete (1621-1689)<br/><br />
Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
<br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624)<br/><br />
Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=File:INCJ364copy3.jpg&diff=33255File:INCJ364copy3.jpg2020-05-18T19:34:42Z<p>ErinWuebbens: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Black_Monday:_Eclipses_in_the_Folger_Collection&diff=33254Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection2020-05-18T19:26:56Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Part I: Science? */</p>
<hr />
<div>''Black Monday: Eclipses in the Folger Collection'', a [[Pop-up exhibitions at the Folger|pop-up exhibition at the Folger]], took place on 8/21/2017 from 1:30-4:30pm. It was curated by Beth DeBold, Assistant Curator of Collections.<br />
<br />
This Pop-Up Exhibition focused on the solar eclipse of 8/21/2017 that was visible over a large portion of the United States. It drew on historic, literary, and scientific sources from the Folger collections to show what perceptions of eclipses were in the past, how people reacted during the early modern period, and to look at how scientific discovery increased our understanding of these phenomena. <br />
<br />
==Items Included==<br />
<br />
===Part I: Science?===<br />
<br />
'''Granollachs, Bernat de (1421 - circa 1487)'''<br/><br />
''Lunarium in quo reperiuntur coniunctiones [et] oppositiones lune, [et] eclipses solis...'' <br/><br />
[Rome]: [Johann Besicken and Martinus de Amsterdam], [ca. 1500]<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90094 INC G311.5]<br/><br />
<br />
This small guide provides tables showing the dates of the full moon ("con.") and new moon ("oppo."), beginning in 1500 and ending in 1550. A highly popular book, many reprints of Granollachs's work were made, clearly even after his death. Each table in the guide includes notes on the various lunar and solar eclipses that could be expected that year, and when, as well as small woodcuts of the expected eclipses themselves. Scholars posit that, since there is no evidence the (minorly) noble Granollachs was an astronomer or made any astronomical calculations, he based his guide on the tables of a fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Jacob ben David Bonjorn. Bonjorn's tables were widely available in fifteenth-century Barcelona, and appear to match up to Granollachs's calculations in an eerily similar way. <br />
<br />
Chabáas, J. and Roca, A. (1998). Early Printing of Astronomy: The Lunari of Bernat de Granollachs. Centaurus, 40: 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1998.tb00421.x<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (circa 1230)'''<br/><br />
''Tractatus de Sphaera'' <br/><br />
Venice: Erhardt Ratdolt, 1482 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=90239 INC J364 copy 3]<br/><br />
<br />
One of the most influential pre-Copernican texts on astronomy, Sacrobosco's Treatise provides a basic introduction to the subject, drawn primarily from Ptolemy and Arabic sources. Sacrobosco discusses the solar eclipse near the end of the his fourth and final chapter--describing when and how a solar eclipse can be expected to occur, as well as providing a visual aid. First printed in 1472, this edition is the earliest held by the Folger, and provides an early example of color printing from woodblocks. <br />
<br />
<br />
Joannes de Sacro Bosco (circa 1230)<br/><br />
Sphera cum commentis in hoc volumine contentis, videlicet.<br/><br />
[Venice] : Impensa heredum quondam Domini Octauiani Scoti Modoetiensis,... 1518<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340267 Folio QB41 .S3 1518 Cage]<br/><br />
<br />
This 1518 edition of Sacrobosco's text is bound with a series of commentaries from a variety of authors, including Robert Grosseteste, Francesco Capuano, and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples. The text is illustrated with new and charming woodcuts, including the two shown here which depict lunar and solar eclipses. Another aspect of Sacrobosco's commentary on and description of solar eclipses includes his discussion of an eclipse that was said to occur during the passion of Christ, which he calls "miraculous and contrary to nature, since a solar eclipse ought to occur at the new moon or thereabouts." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy includes manuscript annotations and notes throughout in a contemporary hand. <br />
<br />
Thomas Streete (1621-1689)<br/><br />
Astronomia Carolina: A new theorie of the coelestial motions.<br/><br />
London: Lodowick Lloyd, 1661<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245891 266559]<br/><br />
<br />
Streete was an English astronomer, best known for this volume on theories of celestial motion. Astronomia Carolina was widely read, and has been noted as one of the chief influences for Newton's Principia Mathematica. D.T. Whiteside, writing of Streete's influence on Newton, notes that he "was a competent practising amateur astronomer...a careful observer of celestial phenomena with a good knowledge of current computational techniques, but not a man strongly endowed with mathematical ability." Newton copied several of the lunar and planetary tables in Astronomia into his notebooks, likely from this 1661 edition. This opening shows Streete's explanation of how "to calculate an eclipse of the sun." John Aubrey writes in his Brief Lives that Streete "printed that excellent piece of Astronomia Carolina, which he dedicated to King Charles II, and also presented it well bound to Prince Rupert and the Duke of Monmouth, but never had a farthing of any of them." <br />
<br />
Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.<br/><br />
<br />
Whiteside, D.T. Before the Principia: the maturing of Newton's thoughts on dynamical astronomy, 1664-1684. Journal of the History of Astronomy: 1 (1970), 5–17.<br/> <br />
<br />
Giuseppe Biancani (1566-1624)<br/><br />
Sphaera Mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita:...<br/><br />
Modena: Andreas and Hieronymus Cassiani, 1653<br/><br />
Call Number: GA7 .B5 1653 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'')<br/><br />
<br />
Biancani, a Jesuit mathematician and astronomer, completed this work on astronomy in approximately 1615, publishing the first edition in 1620 due to changes required by the Catholic Church. The work presents and discusses details of the works of many other eminent scientists and mathematicians of the age, including Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo, with whom Biancani enjoyed professional respect and a close friendship. Galileo’s support of heliocentricity was a sensitive topic at this time, and Biancani was either forced or felt it was necessary to publicly repudiate it. He does so in Sphaera Mundi, stating that while the idea is “supported by better proofs and arguments,” it is prohibited. <br />
<br />
This opening shows his explanation of how a solar eclipse occurs, how it is most easily observed, and discusses (as did Sacrobosco) the significance of the supposedly “unnatural” eclipse that occurred during the Passion, as well as providing two useful woodcuts to illustrate his thoughts. <br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1650) and Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574)<br/><br />
Eclipsium Solis et Lunae annis iam aliquot uisarum descriptiones...<br/><br />
Basel: Robert Winter, 1540<br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=79080 226- 512q]<br/><br />
<br />
Philip Melanchthon, the German protestant reformer and humanist, was also an avid student of astrology. He firmly believed, as did many of his contemporaries, in the influence that heavenly bodies could exert on human life and experiences. Eclipses appeared to be of particular importance to him, usually indicating (as they did for many) great tragedy--he went so far as to dismiss his classes on days when an eclipse was due to occur. The poems shown here were collected by the Italian astrologer Luca Gaurico, who printed them with poems of the fifteenth-century Italian astrologer-poet Lorenzo Bonincontri.<br />
<br />
===Part II: Omens===<br />
<br />
Conrad Lycosthenes (1518-1561)<br/><br />
Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon,...<br/><br />
Basel: Henricus Petrus, 1557. <br/><br />
Call Number: GR825 .L8 1557 Cage Fo. (''no Hamnet record available at this time'') <br/><br />
<br />
This hefty volume is, as one scholar notes, “visually and textually dense.” Lycosthenes, a German polymath, was inspired by earlier works seeking to document portents and omens throughout history. His Chronicle of Prodigies and Signs documents monstrous births, celestial events, and other “wondrous” occurances from the old and new Testament up through the present day, clearly meant to lay a trail to the current time as the last days before the second coming. The visual aspects of this volume were clearly more important in their density than in their uniqueness, and images are reused multiple times throughout the work. <br />
<br />
Here you see the years 81-107, during which he claims there was a solar eclipse (showed twice, apparently for emphasis), the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (erroneous), Apollonius of Tyana’s salutation by an elm tree, and the destruction of four cities in Asia by a terrible earthquake. <br />
<br />
Christopher Heydon (1561-1623) <br/><br />
A recitall, of the celestiall apparitions,...[manuscript] <br/><br />
ca. 1620 <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=189738 V.b.332] <br/><br />
<br />
Sir Christopher Heydon, a contemporary of Robert Devereux, was a strong proponent of astrology. His book A Defense of Judiciall Astrology (1603), published in response to a pamphlet urging Parliament to ban speculative astrological predictions, defended the subject as an exact science. He made many astrological predictions himself, many of which are reflected here. He focuses chiefly on what the comets seen in different years at the beginning of the seventeenth century might mean, but does touch on “the great & ominous Eclipse of the Sunne” in 1605. Most of his predictions focused on the radical and imminent supremacy of a new Protestant world order.<br />
<br />
William Lilly (1602-1681) <br/><br />
Annus tenebrosus, or The dark year• : Or astrologicall iudgements upon two lunar eclipses, and one admirable eclips of the sun, all visible in England, 1652.... <br/><br />
London: Printed for the Company of Stationers, and H. Blunden at the Castle in Corn-hill, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=139917 144- 554q]<br/><br />
<br />
William Lilly is perhaps one of the best-known “judicial” astrologers of his time. He was, as a biographer notes, “virtually a genius at something—judicial astrology—which modern mainstream opinion fails to recognize as even something that it is possible to do, let alone do well or badly.” Lilly published astrological predictions furiously throughout his life, including the well-known series of almanacs Merlini Anglici Ephemeris from 1647 until his death. <br />
<br />
Annus tenebrosus, like many of Lilly’s works, is full of bold prophecies for the remainder of 1652. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of these predictions are negative. They include, but are not limited to: disputes over English sea and fishing rights, the expectation of treachery from the Dutch, "tumults and seditions" within the court of the Ottoman Empire, "poverty and beggary" in Scotland, a threat to the friendship between Russia and Poland, division in Sweden and Denmark, and general excess of "shipwrecks, storms, pyracies, and without the mercy of God, strange murmurings" across the globe. Not even the Pope escapes Lilly's predictions, and is promised "danger either of death, or some private misfortune." <br />
<br />
Folger's copy of Annus tenebrosus includes manuscript notes and underlining in a contemporary hand.<br />
<br />
Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) <br/><br />
Catastrophe Magnatum: or, The Fall of Monarchie. : A Caveat to Magistrates, Deduced from the Eclipse of the Sunne, March 29. 1652.... <br/><br />
London : Printed for T. Vere and Nath: Brooke, in the Old Baily, and at the Angel in Cornhil, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=192882 261279] <br/><br />
<br />
A contemporary and sometime collaborator of William Lilly, Nicholas Culpeper was an herbalist and physician who moonlighted in judicial astrology. While working as an apothecary, he came into conflict with the College of Physicians, and was even accused of witchcraft in 1642 (though acquitted). He also produced almanacs regularly throughout his life. <br />
<br />
Like Lilly, Culpeper produced predictions for the eclipse of 1652, but unlike Lilly, he includes (or at least attempts to include) some scientific information in Catastophe Magnatum as to what an eclipse is, and how he has calculated the length of the 1652 totality. Although his predictions focus less on the sea, in general he agrees with Lilly: 1652 will be a year of upheaval, of earthquakes, pestilence, murrain, "strange massacres, desperate tumults, fire and sword," invasion by the Turks, and apparently the downfall of most nations in Europe. <br />
<br />
Author Unknown <br/><br />
Black Munday turn’d white, or, The astrologers knavery epitomized : being an answer to the great prognosticks and gross predicitons of Mr. Lillie, Mr. Culpeper, and the rest of the society of astrologers concerning the eclipse of the sun on Munday last ... <br/><br />
London : Printed for C. Whiting, 1652. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=344018 206- 424q]<br/><br />
<br />
Not everyone was impressed by the judicial astrologers, as evidenced by this anonymous pamphlet, produced approximately a week or so after the eclipse. The writer attacks the "knavery" of various astrologers, and is firmly convinced that nothing but happy days are ahead for England. They conclude by describing the lengths to which Lilly et al. got even the appearance of the eclipse wrong: <br />
<br />
"I shall not need to quote any more of his ridiculous absurdities; but conclude with his gross Predictions concerning the Eclipse on March 29. which (according to his Calculation) should have been the greatest that ever eyes beheld in this latter age. Certainly, this argues a great want of faith, and a spiritual darkness; for although there appeared enough to satisfie rational men that there was an eclipse; yet we may observe, that he made the two great Luminaries, and ordereth their course sitteth in the Circle of the Heavens, and will not give His honour unto any other; but drew back the Clouds like a Curtain, and caused the Sun to shew his pleasant Rays and comfortable Beames during the whole time of the eclipse, to the confutation of the great Astrologers, who by the help of Tycho were able to guess at the time of the eclipse, yet could not tell whether the day would be cleer or cloudy..."<br />
<br />
Richard Strode (1584-1689) [et al.] <br/><br />
Annotations and notes interleaved with Culpeper’s An ephemeris for the year 1652 and in A new-years-gift, 1651 being the yeare of liberty [manuscript], ca. 1652. <br/><br />
ca. 1652-1689? <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233487 V.a.491 (ms content) ]<br/><br />
<br />
This interleaved and heavily-annotated copy of Culpeper's Ephemeris for the year 1652 likely belonged to Richard Strode, a Devonshire nobleman. Many of the annotations are copies of documents relating to prisoners kept during the Commonwealth and Protectorate, particularly concerning Strode, including a copy of Strode’s petition to Oliver Cromwell for his release from the Chancery Prison, a copy of his petition to the Court of Common Pleas, and notes on the Chancery Court. There is also a significant amount of biblical verses. <br />
<br />
The opening featured here, to Culpeper's notes on the solar eclipse, features biblical verses with a distinctly apocalyptic feel. The annotator, Strode or a contemporary, has even copied a verse inside the envelope diagram (showing how the eclipse will fall within the 12 houses of the zodiac). The reference is to 2 Esdras 15:13: "They that till the ground shall mourn: for their seeds shall fail through the blasting and hail, and with a fearful constellation" (King James). Culpeper, in his usual cheerful manner, merely states: "all the Evils the Sword, Sedition, Famine, Pestilence, can do to Europe, may be expected from the effects of this Eclipse." <br />
<br />
<br />
John Gadbury (1627-1704) <br/><br />
Ephēmeris: or, A diary, astronomical, astrological, meteorological, for the year of our Lord, MDCLXXXIV. It being the bissextile, or leap-year. : With an account of the great solar eclipse,... <br/><br />
London : Printed by J[ohn]. D[arby]. for the Company of Stationers, 1684. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=135850 176- 783q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Gadbury followed in the path of astrologers like Lilly and Culpeper, but judicial astrology was viewed with an increasingly critical eye. Gadbury's astrology became more skeptical, and he branched out into navigation, exploration, and natural philosophy. He developed a rather suspicious reputation, however, and was even accused (though acquitted) of involvement in the Popish Plot. Gadbury, like Lilly and Culpeper, produced a large amount of almanacs. <br />
<br />
This copy of his Diary, astronomical... on display here discusses a solar eclipse due in 1684, and provides a charming "envelope diagram" with a woodcut of a partially-eclipsed sun at the center. The beginning of this edition also includes a note from the author, discussing the accusations leveled against him regarding the Plot. <br />
<br />
<br />
John Palmer (1612-1679) <br/><br />
The catholique planisphaer. Which Mr Blagrave calleth the mathematical jewel ; briefly and plainly discribed, in five books. <br/><br />
London : Printed by Joseph Moxon, and sold at his shop on Corn-hill, at the signe of Atlas, 1658. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=133270 140- 777q]<br/><br />
<br />
John Palmer, a rector and later Archdeacon living in Northamptonshire, produced this edited edition of John Blagrave's (1561-1611) Mathematical Jewel (originally published in 1585) nearly one hundred years after its first publication. This edition is dedicated to a fellow astronomer and mathematician, John Twysden. The book discusses different ways to use a planisphere (a star chart made up of two rotating discs) to solve various astronomical challenges. Palmer includes a section on topics related to judicial astrology in his book, though not because he thinks it worthwhile in and of itself: <br />
<br />
Some learned Artists may perhaps think that these 8. last Chapters pertaining to<br/><br />
Astrologie might be spared; and I think so too: but that I foresee they may be of use to<br/><br />
such as would examine the errors and fallacies of Astrologians.<br/><br />
<br />
The opening shown here is part of a section of Palmer's book called "Catalogue of Eclipses, observed since the year of our Lord 1637." He discusses viewing the "Black" Monday eclipse of 1652, and his account agrees with that of Lilly and Culpeper's anonymous critic above: "and though this Eclipse was so great, yet we could read in the time of the greatest darkness within Dores, notwithstanding that the Window was covered with a Blanket." <br />
<br />
<br />
Joseph Burroughs (1685-1761) <br/><br />
A sermon occasion’d by the total eclipse of the sun : upon April the 22d, 1715. <br/><br />
London : Printed by J. Darby for A. Bell, J. Harrison, and J. Baker, 1715. <br/><br />
Call Number: [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=183581 186791]<br/><br />
<br />
Judicial astrology, and its reading of eclipses as certain signs of doom, seems to have been totally out of fashion by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Joseph Burroughs, an English Baptist minister, gave this rousing sermon against superstitious interpretations of eclipses in particular in 1715. His reasoning is both religious and scientific--on the one hand, he says, we shouldn't buy in to judicial astrology because this is what "heathens" do. On the other hand, he notes, "neither the Sun, nor the Moon, nor any other of the Celestial Bodies, are able to do us any Mischief of themselves...there is no reason to believe that the Ordinary motions of the Heavenly Bodies do really portend any Threatening at all." <br />
<br />
However, astrology remains popular today, if not given quite the same weight as it once enjoyed. <br />
<br />
<br />
The exhibition [[Media:Eclipse_Popup_8212017.pdf|catalog]] and [[Media:Black_Monday_poster.pdf|flyer]] are available for download as PDF files.</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=26623Finding aids2017-08-30T19:14:43Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
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<div>[[File:FindingAids-paper.jpg|alt=A dozen closed books, one open book.|thumb|238x238px|Selected finding aids in the Folger’s Reference collection, with ''Papers of the Rich Family'' open in the foreground.]]<br />
Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level. <br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database]. The paper finding aids can still be found in the Reading Room, under the call number Z6621.F61.<br />
<br />
The specialized term "finding aid" is easily confused with general how-to guides to finding information about specific topics. For this sort of guide at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml De '''conquestu''' Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogarrickbill2002.xml Playbills relating to the theatrical career of David '''Garrick'''], 1741-1776, multiple shelfmarks listed individually, 552 items<br />
::A guide to the playbills in the Folger Shakespeare Library relating to the professional career of David Garrick, spanning the years 1741-1776.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogerman2002.xml Letters and papers by '''German''' authors], 1777-1912, refer to each entry for specific citation, approximately 175 items<br />
::Letters and other documents from 68 authors, written almost exclusively in German and mostly pertaining to the works of Shakespeare. The items range in date from 1777-1912, although most of them fall within the nineteenth-century. More than three-quarters of the items are letters, many from the Augustin Daly collection. Also included are newspaper clippings, a short biography, an encomium, poetry and translations, a 21 folio typescript called “Nochmals Shakespeares Totenmaske” (along with other materials concerning the Darmstadt Shakespeare death mask), a printed flyer, a visiting card, a library slip, several course announcements, an examination report, and a lecture.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohendersonmss.xml Manuscripts in the William '''Henderson''' collection of playbills], ca. 1750-1889 (bulk 1801-1889), Mus 1-23, Sh 1-23, W 1-15, Sc 1-9, about 600 items<br />
::The [http://folgerpedia.folger.edu/Henderson_collection William Henderson collection] of playbills, etc. consists of varied materials (chiefly playbills) concerning music on the British stage, Shakespeare, stage adaptations of Waverley, and Scottish plays, assembled by the music printer and composer William Henderson. This finding aid describes only the manuscript content in the larger collection. The manuscript content includes numerous autograph letters of 19th century authors, poets, artists, composers, vocalists, and actors, as well as fragments of manuscript music, annotations, clipped signatures, and facsimiles of manuscripts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohodgesc.xml C. Walter '''Hodges''' collection of Elizabethan and other theatre drawings], 1933-1990, Folger ART Box H688, 890 items<br />
::Materials by and relating to C. Walter Hodges, illustrator and Shakespearean scholar, including: production, set and costume designs, sketched reconstructions of Elizabethan theaters, book illustrations, and designs for a Shakespeare's Globe project in Detroit.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoleo2002.xml Letters mostly to Friedrich August '''Leo''' from various people], 1852-1899, Folger Y.c.1505-1631; Y.c.301 (3), 3 boxes, 650 items<br />
::650 letters, mostly autograph letters signed (ALS). Leo was editor of the Shakespeare Jahrbuch from 1880-1898; much of the correspondence illuminates the early history of the Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft and Shakespeare studies in Germany, England, and the United States. Several concern the theatre. A few include poems. In addition, H.A. Bulthaupt and H.H. Furness mention Edwin Booth [Y.c.1510 (2, 3); Y.c.1530 (13, 16)]; Furness refers to a Shakespeare Calendar for 1881 and 1882 compiled by J.P. Moreau, and to [Marcus] Jastrow [Y.c.1530 (8)]; A.W. von Hofmann enclosed a translation of Lord Dufferin’s Letters from High Latitudes [Y.c.1552 (1)]; H.R. Jodrell(?) of Manchester describes his extensive collection of Shakespeare illustrations in 1866 [Y.c.1560]; C. Lowe invites Leo to meet Henry Irving and Ellen Terry [Y.c.1579]; J.P. Norris refers to Joseph Crosby [Y.c.1591]; W. Oechelhauser mentions Fanny Kemble [Y.c.1592 (19-21)]; E. Sachau writes of Lewis Carroll’s Hunting of the Snark [Y.c.1601 (2, 3)]; A. Tobler issues a certificate on behalf of Max Pfeffer in 1882 [Y.c.1621]; and A.D. White introduces Phillips Brooks and W.T. Hewett, and mentions H. Corson [Y.c.1625]. Also, 22 mostly autograph letters signed (ALS) to Kunstamann from [Georg H.] Pertz and K. Tropus, 1837-1866 [Y.c.1630-31]. Poems listed in the Folger index of first lines.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' family collection of letters and papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostratford2002.xml '''Stratford''' and Warwickshire references in the art, manuscript, and scrapbook Collections], 1560-1930, various manuscript shelfmarks, 149 manuscripts/scrapbooks spanning the Folger collection<br />
::This finding aid provides descriptive entries for all manuscripts in the Folger collection that mention Stratford-on-Avon or Warwickshire. The guide also identifies the hands of writers and copyists, provides full identification of mentioned names, and cross-references Folger manuscripts with copies at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert Young collection relating to William '''Winter'''], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), various call numbers, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. [[Category: Digital Folger]] [[Category: Collection]] [[Category: Manuscripts]] [[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=26622Finding aids2017-08-30T19:08:19Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
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<div>[[File:FindingAids-paper.jpg|alt=A dozen closed books, one open book.|thumb|238x238px|Selected finding aids in the Folger’s Reference collection, with ''Papers of the Rich Family'' open in the foreground.]]<br />
Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level. <br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database]. The paper finding aids can still be found in the Reading Room, under the call number Z6621.F61.<br />
<br />
The specialized term "finding aid" is easily confused with general how-to guides to finding information about specific topics. For this sort of guide at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml De '''conquestu''' Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogarrickbill2002.xml Playbills relating to the theatrical career of David '''Garrick'''], 1741-1776, multiple shelfmarks listed individually, 552 items<br />
::A guide to the playbills in the Folger Shakespeare Library relating to the professional career of David Garrick, spanning the years 1741-1776.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogerman2002.xml Letters and papers by '''German''' authors], 1777-1912, refer to each entry for specific citation, approximately 175 items<br />
::Letters and other documents from 68 authors, written almost exclusively in German and mostly pertaining to the works of Shakespeare. The items range in date from 1777-1912, although most of them fall within the nineteenth-century. More than three-quarters of the items are letters, many from the Augustin Daly collection. Also included are newspaper clippings, a short biography, an encomium, poetry and translations, a 21 folio typescript called “Nochmals Shakespeares Totenmaske” (along with other materials concerning the Darmstadt Shakespeare death mask), a printed flyer, a visiting card, a library slip, several course announcements, an examination report, and a lecture.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohendersonmss.xml Manuscripts in the William '''Henderson''' collection of playbills], ca. 1750-1889 (bulk 1801-1889), Mus 1-23, Sh 1-23, W 1-15, Sc 1-9, about 600 items<br />
::The [http://folgerpedia.folger.edu/Henderson_collection William Henderson collection] of playbills, etc. consists of varied materials (chiefly playbills) concerning music on the British stage, Shakespeare, stage adaptations of Waverley, and Scottish plays, assembled by the music printer and composer William Henderson. This finding aid describes only the manuscript content in the larger collection. The manuscript content includes numerous autograph letters of 19th century authors, poets, artists, composers, vocalists, and actors, as well as fragments of manuscript music, annotations, clipped signatures, and facsimiles of manuscripts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohodgesc.xml C. Walter '''Hodges''' collection of Elizabethan and other theatre drawings], 1933-1990, Folger ART Box H688, 890 items<br />
::Materials by and relating to C. Walter Hodges, illustrator and Shakespearean scholar, including: production, set and costume designs, sketched reconstructions of Elizabethan theaters, book illustrations, and designs for a Shakespeare's Globe project in Detroit.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoleo2002.xml Letters mostly to Friedrich August '''Leo''' from various people], 1852-1899, Folger Y.c.1505-1631; Y.c.301 (3), 3 boxs, 650 items<br />
::650 letters, mostly autograph letters signed (ALS). Leo was editor of the Shakespeare Jahrbuch from 1880-1898; much of the correspondence illuminates the early history of the Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft and Shakespeare studies in Germany, England, and the United States. Several concern the theatre. A few include poems. In addition, H.A. Bulthaupt and H.H. Furness mention Edwin Booth [Y.c.1510 (2, 3); Y.c.1530 (13, 16)]; Furness refers to a Shakespeare Calendar for 1881 and 1882 compiled by J.P. Moreau, and to [Marcus] Jastrow [Y.c.1530 (8)]; A.W. von Hofmann enclosed a translation of Lord Dufferin’s Letters from High Latitudes [Y.c.1552 (1)]; H.R. Jodrell(?) of Manchester describes his extensive collection of Shakespeare illustrations in 1866 [Y.c.1560]; C. Lowe invites Leo to meet Henry Irving and Ellen Terry [Y.c.1579]; J.P. Norris refers to Joseph Crosby [Y.c.1591]; W. Oechelhauser mentions Fanny Kemble [Y.c.1592 (19-21)]; E. Sachau writes of Lewis Carroll’s Hunting of the Snark [Y.c.1601 (2, 3)]; A. Tobler issues a certificate on behalf of Max Pfeffer in 1882 [Y.c.1621]; and A.D. White introduces Phillips Brooks and W.T. Hewett, and mentions H. Corson [Y.c.1625]. Also, 22 mostly autograph letters signed (ALS) to Kunstamann from [Georg H.] Pertz and K. Tropus, 1837-1866 [Y.c.1630-31]. Poems listed in the Folger index of first lines.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' family collection of letters and papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostratford2002.xml '''Stratford''' and Warwickshire references in the art, manuscript, and scrapbook Collections], 1560-1930, various manuscript shelfmarks, 149 manuscripts/scrapbooks spanning the Folger collection<br />
::This finding aid provides descriptive entries for all manuscripts in the Folger collection that mention Stratford-on-Avon or Warwickshire. The guide also identifies the hands of writers and copyists, provides full identification of mentioned names, and cross-references Folger manuscripts with copies at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert Young collection relating to William '''Winter'''], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. [[Category: Digital Folger]] [[Category: Collection]] [[Category: Manuscripts]] [[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=26621Finding aids2017-08-30T19:01:32Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
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<div>[[File:FindingAids-paper.jpg|alt=A dozen closed books, one open book.|thumb|238x238px|Selected finding aids in the Folger’s Reference collection, with ''Papers of the Rich Family'' open in the foreground.]]<br />
Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level. <br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database]. The paper finding aids can still be found in the Reading Room, under the call number Z6621.F61.<br />
<br />
The specialized term "finding aid" is easily confused with general how-to guides to finding information about specific topics. For this sort of guide at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml De '''conquestu''' Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogarrickbill2002.xml Playbills relating to the theatrical career of David '''Garrick'''], 1741-1776, multiple shelfmarks listed individually, 552 items<br />
::A guide to the playbills in the Folger Shakespeare Library relating to the professional career of David Garrick, spanning the years 1741-1776.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogerman2002.xml Letters and papers by '''German''' authors], 1777-1912, refer to each entry for specific citation, approximately 175 items<br />
::Letters and other documents from 68 authors, written almost exclusively in German and mostly pertaining to the works of Shakespeare. The items range in date from 1777-1912, although most of them fall within the nineteenth-century. More than three-quarters of the items are letters, many from the Augustin Daly collection. Also included are newspaper clippings, a short biography, an encomium, poetry and translations, a 21 folio typescript called “Nochmals Shakespeares Totenmaske” (along with other materials concerning the Darmstadt Shakespeare death mask), a printed flyer, a visiting card, a library slip, several course announcements, an examination report, and a lecture.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohendersonmss.xml Manuscripts in the William '''Henderson''' collection of playbills], ca. 1750-1889 (bulk 1801-1889), Mus 1-23, Sh 1-23, W 1-15, Sc 1-9, about 600 items<br />
::The [http://folgerpedia.folger.edu/Henderson_collection William Henderson collection] of playbills, etc. consists of varied materials (chiefly playbills) concerning music on the British stage, Shakespeare, stage adaptations of Waverley, and Scottish plays, assembled by the music printer and composer William Henderson. This finding aid describes only the manuscript content in the larger collection. The manuscript content includes numerous autograph letters of 19th century authors, poets, artists, composers, vocalists, and actors, as well as fragments of manuscript music, annotations, clipped signatures, and facsimiles of manuscripts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohodgesc.xml C. Walter '''Hodges''' collection of Elizabethan and other theatre drawings], 1933-1990, Folger ART Box H688, 890 items<br />
::Materials by and relating to C. Walter Hodges, illustrator and Shakespearean scholar, including: production, set and costume designs, sketched reconstructions of Elizabethan theaters, book illustrations, and designs for a Shakespeare's Globe project in Detroit.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoleo2002.xml Letters mostly to Friedrich August '''Leo''' from various people], 1852-1899, Folger Y.c.1505-1631; Y.c.301 (3), 3 boxs, 650 items<br />
::650 letters, mostly autograph letters signed (ALS). Leo was editor of the Shakespeare Jahrbuch from 1880-1898; much of the correspondence illuminates the early history of the Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft and Shakespeare studies in Germany, England, and the United States. Several concern the theatre. A few include poems. In addition, H.A. Bulthaupt and H.H. Furness mention Edwin Booth [Y.c.1510 (2, 3); Y.c.1530 (13, 16)]; Furness refers to a Shakespeare Calendar for 1881 and 1882 compiled by J.P. Moreau, and to [Marcus] Jastrow [Y.c.1530 (8)]; A.W. von Hofmann enclosed a translation of Lord Dufferin’s Letters from High Latitudes [Y.c.1552 (1)]; H.R. Jodrell(?) of Manchester describes his extensive collection of Shakespeare illustrations in 1866 [Y.c.1560]; C. Lowe invites Leo to meet Henry Irving and Ellen Terry [Y.c.1579]; J.P. Norris refers to Joseph Crosby [Y.c.1591]; W. Oechelhauser mentions Fanny Kemble [Y.c.1592 (19-21)]; E. Sachau writes of Lewis Carroll’s Hunting of the Snark [Y.c.1601 (2, 3)]; A. Tobler issues a certificate on behalf of Max Pfeffer in 1882 [Y.c.1621]; and A.D. White introduces Phillips Brooks and W.T. Hewett, and mentions H. Corson [Y.c.1625]. Also, 22 mostly autograph letters signed (ALS) to Kunstamann from [Georg H.] Pertz and K. Tropus, 1837-1866 [Y.c.1630-31]. Poems listed in the Folger index of first lines.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostratford2002.xml '''Stratford''' and Warwickshire References in the Art, Manuscript, and Scrapbook Collections], 1560-1930, various manuscript shelfmarks, 149 manuscripts/scrapbooks spanning the Folger collection<br />
::This finding aid provides descriptive entries for all manuscripts in the Folger collection that mention Stratford-on-Avon or Warwickshire. The guide also identifies the hands of writers and copyists, provides full identification of mentioned names, and cross-references Folger manuscripts with copies at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert Young collection relating to William '''Winter'''], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. [[Category: Digital Folger]] [[Category: Collection]] [[Category: Manuscripts]] [[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=26620Finding aids2017-08-30T18:55:04Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
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<div>[[File:FindingAids-paper.jpg|alt=A dozen closed books, one open book.|thumb|238x238px|Selected finding aids in the Folger’s Reference collection, with ''Papers of the Rich Family'' open in the foreground.]]<br />
Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level. <br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database]. The paper finding aids can still be found in the Reading Room, under the call number Z6621.F61.<br />
<br />
The specialized term "finding aid" is easily confused with general how-to guides to finding information about specific topics. For this sort of guide at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogarrickbill2002.xml Playbills relating to the theatrical career of David '''Garrick'''], 1741-1776, multiple shelfmarks listed individually, 552 items<br />
::A guide to the playbills in the Folger Shakespeare Library relating to the professional career of David Garrick, spanning the years 1741-1776.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogerman2002.xml Letters and papers by '''German''' authors], 1777-1912, refer to each entry for specific citation, approximately 175 items<br />
::Letters and other documents from 68 authors, written almost exclusively in German and mostly pertaining to the works of Shakespeare. The items range in date from 1777-1912, although most of them fall within the nineteenth-century. More than three-quarters of the items are letters, many from the Augustin Daly collection. Also included are newspaper clippings, a short biography, an encomium, poetry and translations, a 21 folio typescript called “Nochmals Shakespeares Totenmaske” (along with other materials concerning the Darmstadt Shakespeare death mask), a printed flyer, a visiting card, a library slip, several course announcements, an examination report, and a lecture.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohendersonmss.xml Manuscripts in the William '''Henderson''' collection of playbills], ca. 1750-1889 (bulk 1801-1889), Mus 1-23, Sh 1-23, W 1-15, Sc 1-9, about 600 items<br />
::The [http://folgerpedia.folger.edu/Henderson_collection William Henderson collection] of playbills, etc. consists of varied materials (chiefly playbills) concerning music on the British stage, Shakespeare, stage adaptations of Waverley, and Scottish plays, assembled by the music printer and composer William Henderson. This finding aid describes only the manuscript content in the larger collection. The manuscript content includes numerous autograph letters of 19th century authors, poets, artists, composers, vocalists, and actors, as well as fragments of manuscript music, annotations, clipped signatures, and facsimiles of manuscripts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohodgesc.xml C. Walter '''Hodges''' collection of Elizabethan and other theatre drawings], 1933-1990, Folger ART Box H688, 890 items<br />
::Materials by and relating to C. Walter Hodges, illustrator and Shakespearean scholar, including: production, set and costume designs, sketched reconstructions of Elizabethan theaters, book illustrations, and designs for a Shakespeare's Globe project in Detroit.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoleo2002.xml Letters mostly to Friedrich August '''Leo''' from various people], 1852-1899, Folger Y.c.1505-1631; Y.c.301 (3), 3 boxs, 650 items<br />
::650 letters, mostly autograph letters signed (ALS). Leo was editor of the Shakespeare Jahrbuch from 1880-1898; much of the correspondence illuminates the early history of the Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft and Shakespeare studies in Germany, England, and the United States. Several concern the theatre. A few include poems. In addition, H.A. Bulthaupt and H.H. Furness mention Edwin Booth [Y.c.1510 (2, 3); Y.c.1530 (13, 16)]; Furness refers to a Shakespeare Calendar for 1881 and 1882 compiled by J.P. Moreau, and to [Marcus] Jastrow [Y.c.1530 (8)]; A.W. von Hofmann enclosed a translation of Lord Dufferin’s Letters from High Latitudes [Y.c.1552 (1)]; H.R. Jodrell(?) of Manchester describes his extensive collection of Shakespeare illustrations in 1866 [Y.c.1560]; C. Lowe invites Leo to meet Henry Irving and Ellen Terry [Y.c.1579]; J.P. Norris refers to Joseph Crosby [Y.c.1591]; W. Oechelhauser mentions Fanny Kemble [Y.c.1592 (19-21)]; E. Sachau writes of Lewis Carroll’s Hunting of the Snark [Y.c.1601 (2, 3)]; A. Tobler issues a certificate on behalf of Max Pfeffer in 1882 [Y.c.1621]; and A.D. White introduces Phillips Brooks and W.T. Hewett, and mentions H. Corson [Y.c.1625]. Also, 22 mostly autograph letters signed (ALS) to Kunstamann from [Georg H.] Pertz and K. Tropus, 1837-1866 [Y.c.1630-31]. Poems listed in the Folger index of first lines.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostratford2002.xml '''Stratford''' and Warwickshire References in the Art, Manuscript, and Scrapbook Collections], 1560-1930, various manuscript shelfmarks, 149 manuscripts/scrapbooks spanning the Folger collection<br />
::This finding aid provides descriptive entries for all manuscripts in the Folger collection that mention Stratford-on-Avon or Warwickshire. The guide also identifies the hands of writers and copyists, provides full identification of mentioned names, and cross-references Folger manuscripts with copies at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert Young collection relating to William '''Winter'''], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. [[Category: Digital Folger]] [[Category: Collection]] [[Category: Manuscripts]] [[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=26611Finding aids2017-08-25T17:13:42Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
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<div>[[File:FindingAids-paper.jpg|alt=A dozen closed books, one open book.|thumb|238x238px|Selected finding aids in the Folger’s Reference collection, with ''Papers of the Rich Family'' open in the foreground.]]<br />
Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level. <br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database]. The paper finding aids can still be found in the Reading Room, under the call number Z6621.F61.<br />
<br />
The specialized term "finding aid" is easily confused with general how-to guides to finding information about specific topics. For this sort of guide at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogarrickbill2002.xml Playbills relating to the theatrical career of David '''Garrick'''], 1741-1776, multiple shelfmarks listed individually, 552 items<br />
::A guide to the playbills in the Folger Shakespeare Library relating to the professional career of David Garrick, spanning the years 1741-1776.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogerman2002.xml Letters and papers by '''German''' authors], 1777-1912, refer to each entry for specific citation, approximately 175 items<br />
::Letters and other documents from 68 authors, written almost exclusively in German and mostly pertaining to the works of Shakespeare. The items range in date from 1777-1912, although most of them fall within the nineteenth-century. More than three-quarters of the items are letters, many from the Augustin Daly collection. Also included are newspaper clippings, a short biography, an encomium, poetry and translations, a 21 folio typescript called “Nochmals Shakespeares Totenmaske” (along with other materials concerning the Darmstadt Shakespeare death mask), a printed flyer, a visiting card, a library slip, several course announcements, an examination report, and a lecture.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohendersonmss.xml Manuscripts in the William '''Henderson''' collection of playbills], ca. 1750-1889 (bulk 1801-1889), Mus 1-23, Sh 1-23, W 1-15, Sc 1-9, about 600 items<br />
::The [http://folgerpedia.folger.edu/Henderson_collection William Henderson collection] of playbills, etc. consists of varied materials (chiefly playbills) concerning music on the British stage, Shakespeare, stage adaptations of Waverley, and Scottish plays, assembled by the music printer and composer William Henderson. This finding aid describes only the manuscript content in the larger collection. The manuscript content includes numerous autograph letters of 19th century authors, poets, artists, composers, vocalists, and actors, as well as fragments of manuscript music, annotations, clipped signatures, and facsimiles of manuscripts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohodgesc.xml C. Walter '''Hodges''' collection of Elizabethan and other theatre drawings], 1933-1990, Folger ART Box H688, 890 items<br />
::Materials by and relating to C. Walter Hodges, illustrator and Shakespearean scholar, including: production, set and costume designs, sketched reconstructions of Elizabethan theaters, book illustrations, and designs for a Shakespeare's Globe project in Detroit.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoleo2002.xml Letters mostly to Friedrich August '''Leo''' from various people], 1852-1899, Folger Y.c.1505-1631; Y.c.301 (3), 3 boxs, 650 items<br />
::650 letters, mostly autograph letters signed (ALS). Leo was editor of the Shakespeare Jahrbuch from 1880-1898; much of the correspondence illuminates the early history of the Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft and Shakespeare studies in Germany, England, and the United States. Several concern the theatre. A few include poems. In addition, H.A. Bulthaupt and H.H. Furness mention Edwin Booth [Y.c.1510 (2, 3); Y.c.1530 (13, 16)]; Furness refers to a Shakespeare Calendar for 1881 and 1882 compiled by J.P. Moreau, and to [Marcus] Jastrow [Y.c.1530 (8)]; A.W. von Hofmann enclosed a translation of Lord Dufferin’s Letters from High Latitudes [Y.c.1552 (1)]; H.R. Jodrell(?) of Manchester describes his extensive collection of Shakespeare illustrations in 1866 [Y.c.1560]; C. Lowe invites Leo to meet Henry Irving and Ellen Terry [Y.c.1579]; J.P. Norris refers to Joseph Crosby [Y.c.1591]; W. Oechelhauser mentions Fanny Kemble [Y.c.1592 (19-21)]; E. Sachau writes of Lewis Carroll’s Hunting of the Snark [Y.c.1601 (2, 3)]; A. Tobler issues a certificate on behalf of Max Pfeffer in 1882 [Y.c.1621]; and A.D. White introduces Phillips Brooks and W.T. Hewett, and mentions H. Corson [Y.c.1625]. Also, 22 mostly autograph letters signed (ALS) to Kunstamann from [Georg H.] Pertz and K. Tropus, 1837-1866 [Y.c.1630-31]. Poems listed in the Folger index of first lines.<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert Young collection relating to William '''Winter'''], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. [[Category: Digital Folger]] [[Category: Collection]] [[Category: Manuscripts]] [[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25465Finding aids2017-06-19T19:16:07Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
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<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the '''Privy''' Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert '''Young''' collection relating to William Winter], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25464Finding aids2017-06-19T18:48:42Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William '''Winter''' to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William '''Winter''' to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterw.xml Robert '''Young''' collection relating to William Winter], ca. 1745-2005 (bulk 1880-1906), William Winter, William Jefferson Winter, Robert Young, 47 boxes<br />
::The collection includes mostly correspondence, as well as literary manuscripts, journals, family history records, publishing records, clippings, programs, photographs, personal relics, correspondence of his son William Jefferson Winter, correspondence between other family members and research material collected by William Jefferson Winter and Robert Young documenting the life and career of William Winter. The correspondence includes letters to and from various family members and well-known actors and public figures from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25463Finding aids2017-06-19T18:44:28Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William Winter to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William Winter to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25462Finding aids2017-06-19T18:43:34Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml John Payne '''Collier''' collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary''], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172), 172 items<br />
::Items collected by John Payne Collier for ''An old man's diary''. Removed from Collier's own annotated copy, cataloged as W.b.504-507. Includes autograph manuscripts by Collier himself, as well as letters addressed to Collier and others.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml John Payne '''Collier''' copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, Folger MS Y.d.582, 48 items<br />
::Manuscript and printed transcriptions of ballads as well as references about ballads and hangmen. Also, notes and transcriptions on miscellaneous topics related to early modern Britain.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Autograph letters signed and initialled from John Payne '''Collier''' to various recipients], 1824-1882, Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224), 224 items<br />
::Letters written by John Payne Collier, mostly from later in his life. Also, newspaper clippings about the forgery controversy. Items not collected together until Folger staff created this collection.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Letters to John Payne '''Collier''' from various correspondents], 1799-1884, Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231), 231 items <br />
::Letters to John Payne Collier from various correspondents, including some addressed to other recipients and forwarded to Collier. Letters refer to manuscript editing, editions of Collier's writing on Shakespeare and English Drama, and assorted events within membership ranks of literary and antiquarian societies.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Augustin '''Daly''', collection of letters and papers], 1849-1916, Folger MS Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378, 33 boxes<br />
::A collection of letters and papers (n.d., 1849-1916) of Augustin Daly (1838-1899) arising mainly out of his management of the two successive Fifth Avenue Theatres (1869-1877), the Grand Opera House (1872-1874), and Daly’s Theatre (1879-1899), all in New York City. The majority of the letters are addressed to Daly. Letters in German are described in greater detail in the Guide to Letters and Papers by German Authors.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Records of '''Drury''' Lane and Covent Garden Theatres], 1714-1880, Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden Theatre, 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
::Descriptive lists of records of Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres. Includes lists of journals, nightly accounts, pay books, records of the wardrobe keepers, lists of plays with casts, inventories, etc. with dates.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Scrapboxes of J.O. '''Halliwell-Phillipps'''], 19th century, Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414, 43 boxes<br />
::Intended for inclusion in J.O. Halliwell-Phillipps' Shakespeareana scrapbook series (Folger MS W.b.201-256) mainly pertaining to Shakespeare's life, residences, friends, family, and literary predecessors. The scraps include: letters, printed book fragments, notes, clippings, prints, copies of accounts, maps, and photographs.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Letters of Charles '''Kean'''], 1828-1866, Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299), 299 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Charles Kean. Topics of these letters include Kean's opinions on Shakespeare, acting theory, and theater management, as well as more personal matters such as his engagement and marriage to Ellen Kean and comparisons of his own success as an actor to his father's success.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml '''North''' Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38), 38 items<br />
::Collection of material relating to Tate Wilkinson (1739-1803), his descendants, and the York Theatre, especially the Siddons acting family; 2 scrapbooks of theatrical engravings including several York playbills; 5 letters to Wilkinson; 10 letters between H.G.I. Siddons and Mary North concerning North's collection of Siddons memorabilia; 2 commonplace books of Anne and Jane Wilkinson; photographs and silhouettes of members of the Wilkinson and Siddons families, and other miscellaneous material.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Letters from Sarah '''Siddons''' to various recipients], 1783-1820, Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26), 26 items<br />
::Letters collected from various sources. Includes autograph letters signed or initialed by Sarah Siddons, many of which include her opinions of Shakespeare's plays and her own acting abilities.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Letters from William Winter to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221), 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
::Contains mostly letters and copies of diary entries from William Winter to Elsie Leslie.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Autograph letters signed from William Winter to various recipients], 1864-1917, Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114), 114 items<br />
::Letters from William Winter to various recipients, most concerning theater life and people of the late 19th and early 20th century, both in England and America.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25461Finding aids2017-06-19T18:30:40Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Shakespeare and performance finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Papers of Delia Salter '''Bacon'''], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323), 323 items<br />
::Includes 312 autograph letters signed and initialed and one typed letter signed to and from Delia Bacon and others; 10 miscellaneous items including prospectuses of Delia Bacon, her The author's apology and claim, [1857?], an engraving of Leonard Bacon, a memorandum of an agreement between Delia Bacon and Samuel Coleman, an inventory of school items to be sold at a private sale in 1831 and payments to various people for sums due, and 3 newspaper clippings.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Autograph letters signed from Edwin '''Booth''' to various recipients], 1858-1893, Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534), 534 items<br />
::Letters from Edwin Booth to various recipients. A large portion of the letters (approximately 307 items) are addressed to theatre critic William Winter.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml John Payne '''Collier''' Collection of Letters and Papers, removed from "The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare" and "Annals of the stage of the restoration"], 19th century, Folger MS W.b.502-503, 152 items<br />
::Loose material removed from Collier's annotated copy of ''The history of English dramatic poetry'' ... (W.a.212-214). Includes letters and information from T.E. Tomlins, Thomas Richards, Frederick Devon, M.J. Thorpe, J. Harland, P. Bliss, Sir Frederick Madden, W.H. Black and N.H. Nicolas, and several other copies of documents, W.b.502. W.b.502 (18) and W.b.502 (19) cataloged separately. W.b.502 (3) bears the impression of a seal stated to be Donne's. W.b.502 (107) refers to Blackfriars.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25460Finding aids2017-06-19T17:04:12Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Papers of Richard '''Smith'''], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, Folger MS.V.a.510, 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
::Contains fair copies, drafts, and notes in the hand of Richard Smith. Consists of writings and notes on the Bishops and Archibishops of England, Christ's descent into hell, a collection of short essays on religious and secular topics, rites and ceremonies of the church (presumably the Church of England), and indulgences.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Manuscripts of the '''Strozzi''' family], 17th and 18th century, Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a), 200 volumes<br />
::Collection of 17th and 18th century transcripts made for the Strozzi family of Florence of political and religious material, relating to papal diplomacy, etc., of documents dating from the 14th century through the 17th century, with the bulk dating from the 16th and 17th centuries. A note in volume 1 states that the manuscripts came from Rome, from the archives of the Strozzi house, and indicates that the series is incomplete, as may be seen from the lower series of numbers on the spines of the volumes. A note at the end of volume 7 may indicate that the Barberini family also had some part in the collection of these manuscripts. The date of the making of these transcripts is not recorded. An indice de manoscritti, che sono nella libreria dell'Illustrissimo ... Lorenzo Strozzi, duca di Bagnolo e principe di Torano compilati per ordine di Alfabeto, 1728, (volume 199) reveals that the collection at the Folger Shakespeare Library forms a large part of the manuscripts listed in it. The call numbers in the index refer to the upper initial (each of which represents a certain class of document) and the lowest numeral on the spine and a comparative list of the former and present call numbers is tipped into the back of this index. Volumes 1-185 were already so numbered when received. Volumes 186 -199 have since been assigned these numbers arbitrarily, as those they had sometimes overlapped with the first series.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Papers of Jacob '''Tonson'''], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83), 83 items (1 box)<br />
::The papers of Jacob Tonson consists of 76 manuscript and 7 photographed manuscript letters and other papers addressed to Jacob Tonson (1656?-1736), written by him, or otherwise connected with him, mostly dating from the period 1685-1737. Some items relate to his business partner and nephew, Jacob Tonson (d. 1735), and his great-nephew, Jacob Tonson (d.1767).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Papers of John Cuming '''Walters''' relating to Shakespeare], ca. 1898-1932, Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011), 2,011 items<br />
::Autograph letters, manuscript and printed essays, newspaper and magazine clippings, scrapbooks, and printed programs, all pertaining to John Cuming Walters' interests in Shakespeare and involvement in the cultural community in Northwest England.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml E. '''Williams''' watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, Folger MS.L.f.1-1058, 1,058 items<br />
::A collection of paper from sixteenth and seventeenth-century manuscripts and printed books, broadsides, and pamphlets, gathered and arranged according to watermark type by E. Williams of Hove, Sussex, in the early twentieth century. Many of the manuscripts relate to the legal, financial, and manorial affairs of the Hale family of King's Walden, Hertfordshire.<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25459Finding aids2017-06-19T16:59:39Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Papers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Smith, Richard, Papers of], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245062 Folger MS.V.a.510], 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Strozzi Family, Manuscripts of the], 17th and 18th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244285 Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a)], 200 volumes<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Tonson, Jacob, Papers of], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=223207 Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83)], 83 items (1 box)<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Walters, John Cuming, Papers of], ca. 1898-1932, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=208366 Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011)], 2,011 items<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml Williams, E., watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244378 Folger MS.L.f.1-1058], 1,058 items<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25458Finding aids2017-06-19T16:58:26Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xmlPapers of the '''More''' family of Loseley Park, Surrey], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), Folger MSS L.b.1-712, 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::Consists of papers collected by the More family of Loseley Park, Surrey, dealing largely with: the Offices of the Tents and of the Revels under Sir Thomas Cawarden (d.1559); property in Blackfriars, London, owned by Cawarden and later by his executor, Sir William More (1520-1600); and the activities, personal and governmental, of Cawarden, Sir William, and Sir George More (1553-1632). Also includes 14 autograph letters signed from John Donne (1573-1631), as well as the official and personal papers of Sir Christopher More (d.1549), Sir Robert More (1581-1626), Sir Poynings More, bart. (1606-1649), Sir William More, bart. (1643-1684), and Rev. Nicholas More (d. 1684).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml '''Nichols''' family papers relating chiefly to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, Folger MS Y.d.24, 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
::Printed and manuscript material, including proofs, letters, reviews, clippings, poems, obituaries, announcements, and business papers, relating to The Gentleman's Magazine.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Collection of '''political''' and parliamentary documents], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, Folger MS V.b.303, 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
::Compiled by several people, this collection of political and parliamentary documents contains speeches; letters and petitions (including to Elizabeth I, Queen of England and James I, King of England); reports of famous trials; notes on the history of England (covering from the time of William the Conqueror through the Commonwealth), France (particularly the Huguenots and the death of Henry I, Duke of Guise), and Spain (including the West Indies and Central America); Anglo relations with the French, Spanish and Portuguese; relations between Turkey and Poland; many satirical poems, chiefly of the Civil War period; and several prophecies, including two by Merlin, telling of the coming of James I. The original writer(s) of some of the parliamentary speeches may have been a member of parliament. The first person singular occurs several times in the reports, e.g. "Mr. Mason his advice to me of my manner of proceeding in Parliament" (p. 145), and elsewhere, e.g. "I Thomas Gee ..." (p. 232 -- transcribed as Thomas Crepe in the sale catalog).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Letters from the Privy Council], 1545-1621, Folger MS X.d.30 (1-58), 58 items<br />
::Privy Council letters mainly concerning troops and provisions for English garrisons in Ireland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Papers of the '''Rattray''' family of Craighall], 1593-1699, Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194), 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
::Contains primarily incoming correspondence to the Lairds of Craighall including David Rattray, James Rattray and Patrick Rattray. Correspondents include, but are not limited to: William Fullerton of Fullerton; David Leslie, Lord Newark; Patrick Lyon, Earl of Kinghorne; and John Ogilvy of Balfour. Also includes incoming correspondence to the Ladies of Craighall, outgoing correspondence from the Lairds, and some miscellaneous correspondence relating to the Rattray's of Craighall, as well as a few deeds and receipts.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Papers of the '''Rich''' family], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231), 231 items<br />
::Contains family and estate papers of the Rich family of Mulbarton, Norfolk, and of Roos Hall and Ashman's Hall, Suffolk, principally of: Sir Edwin Rich (1594-1675); Sir Charles Rich (ca. 1619-1677); Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699); as well as of: Sir Edwin Rich (d. 1640); Richard Rich (1597-1676); Lady Elizabeth Rich (ca. 1623-1694); Lady Mary Rich (d. 1714); Civel Rich (d. 1716); Sir Robert Rich (1685-1768); and Charles Rich (ca. 1731-1808). The papers primarily consist of correspondence, manorial records and deeds, as well as wills, inventories, and other legal documents. Also, the papers of Sir Robert Rich (1648-1699) include a few of his official papers as M.P. for Dunwich, Suffolk, as a Lord of the Admiralty, as vice-Admiral for Suffolk and also his journal to St. Helena. Some of the papers document the families activities as merchants especially the knitting industry.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Smith, Richard, Papers of], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245062 Folger MS.V.a.510], 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Strozzi Family, Manuscripts of the], 17th and 18th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244285 Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a)], 200 volumes<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Tonson, Jacob, Papers of], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=223207 Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83)], 83 items (1 box)<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Walters, John Cuming, Papers of], ca. 1898-1932, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=208366 Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011)], 2,011 items<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml Williams, E., watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244378 Folger MS.L.f.1-1058], 1,058 items<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25457Finding aids2017-06-19T16:42:24Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml '''England''' and Wales, Warrants and orders from Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27), 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
::Warrants and orders mainly pertaining to the upkeep of the royal household.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Collection of letters from members of the '''Este''' family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza], 1592-1805, Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30), 30 items<br />
::A collection of personal letters from 1592-1805 of the Este family of Modena and the Farnese family of Parma and Piacenza.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Papers of the '''Ferrers''' Family of Tamworth Castle], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), Folger MS L.e.1-1200 and X.d.685, 1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
::Family and official papers of the Ferrers family of Tamworth Castle dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century (mostly mid-sixteenth century to mid-seventeenth century) concerning the family's political, legal, financial, personal, and manorial affairs mostly in Derbyshire, Essex, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Papers of the '''Goodricke''' family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire], 1639?-1689, Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39), 1 volume<br />
::Contains 28 letters and 11 documents relating to the careers of Sir John Goodricke, his son Sir Henry Goodricke and their family, spanning the reigns of Charles I through the ascension of William & Mary.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Letters from Mary Hatton '''Helsby''' to various recipients], 1651-1668, Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23), 23 items<br />
::The Letters of Mary Hatton Helsby consists of ten letters, 1651-1668 and thirteen newspaper clippings reproducing Hatton Helsby's correspondence, ca. 1900. The collection includes letters from both sides of the courtship between Mary Hatton Helsby and her eventual husband, Randolph Helsby, several containing commentary critical of both Royalist and Parliamentary factions.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Loseley Collection (Legacy)], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244741 Folger MSS L.b.1-712], 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
::?<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml '''Newdigate''' family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, Folger MS L.c.1-3950, 3,950 items<br />
::Largely English MS newsletters, dating from 1674 to 1715, received and compiled by the Newdigate family of Arbury Hall in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. The letters cover a diverse range of topics, but are mainly concerned with contemporary domestic and Continental news.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml Nichols Family Papers Relating to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=217455 Folger MS Y.d.24], 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Political and Parlimentary Documents, Collection of], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=220241 Folger MS V.b.303], 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Privy Council, Letters from], 1545-1621, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193308 X.d.30 (1-58)], 58 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Rattray Family of Craighall, Papers of the], 1593-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128832 Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194)], 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Rich family, papers of], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=107997 Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231)], 231 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Smith, Richard, Papers of], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245062 Folger MS.V.a.510], 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Strozzi Family, Manuscripts of the], 17th and 18th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244285 Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a)], 200 volumes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Tonson, Jacob, Papers of], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=223207 Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83)], 83 items (1 box)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Walters, John Cuming, Papers of], ca. 1898-1932, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=208366 Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011)], 2,011 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml Williams, E., watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244378 Folger MS.L.f.1-1058], 1,058 items<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25448Finding aids2017-06-19T16:31:40Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
::The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
::Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Papers of the '''Cavendish-Talbot''' Family], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203), 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
::Mostly consists of correspondence, as well as various financial documents, warrants, petitions, orders, physician instructions and other miscellaneous documents relating to the Cavendish, Talbot, Wentworth, and Slingsby families as well as to Sir Humphrey Style, and Stanley and Sarah Gower.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml '''De''' conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), Folger MS G.b.5, 1 volume (19 items)<br />
::Bound collection of contemporary copies of nineteen documents concerning English Catholics and diplomatic affairs during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604). Specifically, the documents concern Catholic plans to conquer England and Scotland.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Papers of the '''Dering''' family], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21), 21 items<br />
::Papers principally of Sir Edward Dering, 1st bart., and of his son, Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart. Contains: Family and business papers, 1606-1638, including a copy of a letter from the archbishop of Canterbury to Sir Daniel Donne about certain seats in Pluckley church, September 11, 1606, and a copy of a letter from the Privy Council concerning the laxness of the Commissioners for the loans in collecting the loans, June 3, 1627 (1-7); Genealogical papers and notes from the public records, ca. 1450-ca. 1640, including a leaf from Sir Edward Dering's history of his family (8-16); Papers of Sir Edward Dering, 2nd bart., ca. 1676-ca. 1680, including notes from an early manuscript version of Sir William Petty's Political Arithmetick; proposals for reducing smuggling and notes of a speech, probably dating from the time when Sir Edward was a commissioner of the Customs, 1676-1679, and minutes of a meeting of the Grand Committee of the House of Commons (at which he presided), considering the king's supply and the need for 90 ships of war February 6, 1677/8? (17-21).<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml England and Wales, Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, warrants and orders to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=235928 Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27)], 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Este and Farnese families, Collection of letters], 1592-1805, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191478 Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30)], 30 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Ferrers Family of Tamworth Castle, Papers of], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244731 Folger MS L.e.1-1200] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244109 X.d.685],1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Goodricke Family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire, Papers of], 1639?-1689, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=232776 Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39)], 1 volume<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Helsby, Mary Hatton, Letters to various recipients], 1651-1668, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193464 Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23)], 23 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Loseley Collection (Legacy)], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244741 Folger MSS L.b.1-712], 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml Newdigate family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245155 Folger MS L.c.1-3950], 3,950 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml Nichols Family Papers Relating to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=217455 Folger MS Y.d.24], 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Political and Parlimentary Documents, Collection of], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=220241 Folger MS V.b.303], 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Privy Council, Letters from], 1545-1621, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193308 X.d.30 (1-58)], 58 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Rattray Family of Craighall, Papers of the], 1593-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128832 Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194)], 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Rich family, papers of], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=107997 Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231)], 231 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Smith, Richard, Papers of], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245062 Folger MS.V.a.510], 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Strozzi Family, Manuscripts of the], 17th and 18th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244285 Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a)], 200 volumes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Tonson, Jacob, Papers of], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=223207 Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83)], 83 items (1 box)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Walters, John Cuming, Papers of], ca. 1898-1932, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=208366 Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011)], 2,011 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml Williams, E., watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244378 Folger MS.L.f.1-1058], 1,058 items<br />
<br />
==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
<br />
[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbenshttps://folgerpedia.folger.edu/_mw/index.php?title=Finding_aids&diff=25447Finding aids2017-06-19T16:26:51Z<p>ErinWuebbens: /* Early modern finding aids */</p>
<hr />
<div>Finding aids are hierarchical descriptions of individual collections of manuscripts, archival materials, and other distinct groupings, also known as "archival description." The levels of finding aids include, from largest to smallest: collection, series and sub-series, box, folder, and item levels. Most archival descriptions go only to the box or folder level, but almost all Folger finding go all the way to the item level.<br />
<br />
Finding aids complement the bibliographic descriptions found in library catalogs like [[Hamnet]]. Starting in the early 2000s, the [[Folger Shakespeare Library]] began converting its paper-based finding aids into electronic form, and creating new finding aids directly online. The result is the Folger's [http://findingaids.folger.edu/ Finding Aid Database].<br />
<br />
For general guides to finding information about specific topics at the Folger, see [[:Research guides]].<br />
<br />
==Early modern finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections from the Early Modern period at the Folger include:<br />
<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonathaniel.xml Papers of Nathaniel '''Bacon'''], 1574-1650 (bulk 1590-1622), Folger MS X.d.502 (1-51), 51 items<br />
::Contains papers and letters relating to Bacon's career: 11 papers relating to his work as Justice of the Peace, including a paternity case, and 5 papers concerning a case brought forward by a Nicholas Ringolde for money owed; 3 papers as Clerk of Methwold and Deputy Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster; and 26 papers relating to the Norfolk Militia, of which 6 concern an inquiry into the number of forces raised and paid in Norfolk, 1594-1595 and 20 concern the musters in Norfolk, 1603-1620, which had not been held between 1591 and 1611. Also includes 11 personal papers, of which 6 are autograph letters signed to Bacon from various correspondents, 3 are documents relating to his daughter Lady Anne Townshend and the wardship of her son Roger Townshend and 2 relating to land in Hockwold.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobacontownshend.xml Papers of the '''Bacon-Townshend''' family of Stiffkey, Norfolk], 1550-1640, Folger MS L.d.1-1036, 1036 items, also see Folgerpedia article [[Bacon-Townshend collection]]<br />
::Letters and documents concerned with family, business, estate, financial, legal, and governmental affairs of Sir Nathaniel Bacon (1547-1622), Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579), and members of the Townshend family, all of Norfolk. A few items are earlier than 1550 or later than 1640.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobagot.xml Papers of the '''Bagot''' family of Blithfield, Staffordshire], 1428-1671 (bulk 1557-1671), Folger MS L.a.1-1076, 1076 items<br />
::Primarily autograph letters signed, dating from 1557-1671, especially of Richard Bagot and of his son Walter. They are letters to them, letters from them (some of them drafts written on blank parts of letters addressed to them) and copies made by them of letters addressed to others, especially of official letters. The letters cover a wide range of topics and amply illustrate the life of a prosperous county family the multifarious duties it members were called upon to perform for the Crown. Also included are documents, dating from 1428-1662, concerning recusants, a form of the oath of supremacy (L.a.1044), a few deeds, specifications for two buildings (L.a.1070) and other papers.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfobennet.xml Papers of Robert '''Bennet'''], 1603-1678 (bulk 1642-1663), Folger MS X.d.483 (1-209), 209 items<br />
::Contains mostly Bennet's official papers and reflect the shifting fortunes of the Parliamentarians and Royalists. Many of the official papers concern or are from both houses of Parliament, and the Council of State. Among the personal papers are several concerning law-suits and other business matters, a few deeds, Hannibal Vyvyan's directions to Colonel Bennet when he was sick in 1649 (155), and letters to and from fellow Anabaptists at Looe, 1656. A few miscellaneous documents seem to have no direct bearing on Colonel Bennet; two report on speeches of Cromwell, [1657-58], (207-208), one more fully than any copy hitherto known.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothtwemlow.xml Letters of the '''Booth''' family of Twemlow], 1628-1689, Folger MS F.c.6-16 and Folger MS F.c.17-34, 28 items <br />
The letters of the Booth family of Twemlow consist of two series of letters from different generations of the family: the first contains letters from William Booth (b. 1602) to his brother, John Booth (1584-1659), and the second comprises letters of Thomas Booth (b. 1646) to his brother, another John Booth (1641-1698). The letters intersperse discussion of family and business matters with contemporary accounts of military and political events.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoburton.xml Drue '''Burton''' collection of state papers and other materials], ca. 1607-ca. 1625, Folger MS.G.b.10, 1 volume<br />
Abstract to come.<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocavendish.xml Cavendish-Talbot Family, Papers of the], 1333-1705 (bulk 1548-1676), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244373 Folger MS X.d.428 (1-203)], 203 items, see also Folgerpedia article [[Papers of the Cavendish-Talbot family]]<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodeconquestu.xml De conquestu Angliae per Hispanos], 1570-1604 (bulk 1580s), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=233049 Folger MS G.b.5], 1 volume (19 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodering.xml Dering family, Papers of the], ca. 1450-ca. 1680, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193500 Folger MS X.d.531 (1-21)], 21 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoarlingtonh.xml England and Wales, Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, warrants and orders to Master of the Great Wardrobe], 1669, 1676-1677, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=235928 Folger MS.X.d.679.(1-27)], 27 items (27 bifolia)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoestefarnese.xml Este and Farnese families, Collection of letters], 1592-1805, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191478 Folger MS X.d.394 (1-30)], 30 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoferrers.xml Ferrers Family of Tamworth Castle, Papers of], 1371-1806 (bulk 16th - 17th century), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244731 Folger MS L.e.1-1200] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244109 X.d.685],1225 items (29 boxes)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfogoodricke.xml Goodricke Family of Ribston Hall, Nidderdale, Yorkshire, Papers of], 1639?-1689, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=232776 Folger MS V.b.333 (1-39)], 1 volume<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohelsby.xml Helsby, Mary Hatton, Letters to various recipients], 1651-1668, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193464 Folger MS X.d.493 (1-23)], 23 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoloseley.xml Loseley Collection (Legacy)], 1489-1682 (bulk 1538-1630), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244741 Folger MSS L.b.1-712], 22 boxes (712 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonewdigate.xml Newdigate family collection of newsletters], 1673/1674-1715, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245155 Folger MS L.c.1-3950], 3,950 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonichols.xml Nichols Family Papers Relating to ''The gentleman's magazine''], 1778-1873, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=217455 Folger MS Y.d.24], 5,952 items in 30 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfopolitical.xml Political and Parlimentary Documents, Collection of], compiled circa 1550-circa 1650, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=220241 Folger MS V.b.303], 1 volume (350 pages)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoprivycouncil.xml Privy Council, Letters from], 1545-1621, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=193308 X.d.30 (1-58)], 58 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforattray.xml Rattray Family of Craighall, Papers of the], 1593-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128832 Folger MS X.c.61 (1-194)], 194 items (3 boxes)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dforich.xml Rich family, papers of], 1485-ca. 1820 (bulk 1649-1715), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=107997 Folger MS X.d.451 (1-231)], 231 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosmithr.xml Smith, Richard, Papers of], ca. 1633-ca. 1670, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=245062 Folger MS.V.a.510], 1 box (642 leaves)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfostrozzi.xml Strozzi Family, Manuscripts of the], 17th and 18th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244285 Folger MS W.b.132 (1-199, 169a)], 200 volumes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfotonson.xml Tonson, Jacob, Papers of], 1685-1891 (bulk 1685-1737), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=223207 Folger MS C.c.1 (1-83)], 83 items (1 box)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowaltersjc.xml Walters, John Cuming, Papers of], ca. 1898-1932, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=208366 Folger MS Y.d.1417 (1-2011)], 2,011 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowilliams.xml Williams, E., watermark collection, including the papers of the Hale family of King's Walden and other papers], ca. 1570-1699, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244378 Folger MS.L.f.1-1058], 1,058 items<br />
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==Shakespeare and performance finding aids==<br />
Hierarchical descriptions of collections related to Shakespeare and Performance at the Folger include:<br />
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*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodelia.xml Bacon, Delia Salter, Papers of], 1820-1952 (bulk 1827-1859), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230379 Folger MS Y.c.2599 (1-323)], 323 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfoboothedwin.xml Booth, Edwin, Letters to various recipients], 1858-1893, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=230920 Folger MS Y.c.215 (1-534)] 534 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierhistory.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers removed from ''The history of English dramatic poetry to the time of Shakespeare'', and ''Annals of the stage of the restoration'' by J.P. Collier], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=236039 Folger MS W.b.502-503], 152 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollier.xml Collier, John Payne Collection of letters and papers, removed from ''An old man’s diary'' ca. 1875], 1647-1875 (bulk 1830-1875), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191441 Folger MS Y.d.341 (1-172)], 172 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocolliercopies.xml Collier, John Payne copies of manuscripts and printed material, ca. 1400-ca. 1700], ca. 1825-1861, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191448 Folger MS Y.d.582], 48 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierletters.xml Collier, John Payne, Autograph letters signed and initialed to various recipients], 1824-1882, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191307 Folger MS Y.c.1055 (1-224)], 224 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfocollierrecipient.xml Collier, John Payne, Letters from various correspondents], 1799-1884, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=191449 Folger MS Y.d.6 (1-231)], 231 items <br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodaly2002.xml Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899. Collection of letters and papers, n.d.], 1849-1916, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=219219 Y.c.2602-3099 and Y.c.4000-5378], 33 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfodrury.xml Drury Lane and Covent Garden Theatres, records of], 1714-1880, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243947 Drury Lane Theatre] and [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243946 Covent Garden Theatre], 282 items (218 manuscript volumes and 64 manuscript documents)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfohalliwellphillippsj.xml Halliwell-Phillipps, J.O., Scrapboxes of], 19th century, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244319 Folger MS Y.d.1119-1414], 43 boxes<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfokeanc.xml Kean, Charles, Letters of], 1828-1866, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=244435 Folger MS Y.c.393 (1-299)], 299 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfonorth.xml North Family Collection of Letters and Papers relating to Tate Wilkinson, Mrs. Siddons, and the North family of York], 1732-1955, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=128839 Folger MS Y.d.618 (1-38)], 38 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfosiddons.xml Siddons, Sarah, Letters to various recipients], 1783-1820, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=190086 Folger MS Y.c.432 (1-26)], 26 items<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfolesliee.xml Winter, William, Letters to Elsie Leslie], 1898-1916 (bulk 1910-1915), [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=243885 Folger MS Y.c.1825 (1-221)], 6 boxes (221 items)<br />
*[http://findingaids.folger.edu/dfowinterletters.xml Winter, William, Letters to various recipients], 1864-1917, [http://hamnet.folger.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=229157 Folger MS Y.c.573 (1-114)], 114 items<br />
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[[Category: Digital Folger]]<br />
[[Category: Collection]]<br />
[[Category: Manuscripts]]<br />
[[Category: Finding aids]]</div>ErinWuebbens